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HVAC School

Mastering the Science of Comfort & Efficiency.

Refrigeration Cycle Diagram
THE BASICS

What is HVAC?

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. It refers to the systems that regulate and move heated and cooled air throughout residential and commercial buildings.

The primary goal of HVAC is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. It operates on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer.

Core Concepts Explained

Understanding the terminology that powers our industry.

Thermodynamics

The study of energy and heat transfer. HVAC systems simply move heat from where it isn't wanted to where it doesn't matter.

Refrigerants

Substances (like R-410A) used for heat transfer. They change state from gas to liquid, absorbing and releasing heat.

Load Calculation

Determining the cooling or heating capacity required for a specific space ensuring efficiency and comfort.

The Future of HVAC

The HVAC industry is rapidly evolving. We are moving towards smarter, greener solutions.

  • → IoT & Smart Thermostats: Remote control and AI-driven climate optimization.
  • → Green Refrigerants: Transitioning to low-GWP fluids.
  • → Geothermal: Harnessing the earth's stable temperature.

Join the Future

Are you an aspiring engineer? Join our team to learn from the best.

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HVAC MEP Thumb Rules & Formulas

Quick calculators and reference guides for engineering professionals.

1. Heat Load Calculation

Formula: Q = Area (sq.ft) x 30 (BTU/hr per sq.ft)

2. CFM Calculation

Formula: CFM = Sensible Heat / (1.08 x Delta T)

3. Chilled Water Flow

Formula: GPM = BTU/hr / (500 x Delta T)

4. Chiller Sizing

Formula: TR = BTU/hr / 12,000

5. Pump Power (kW)

Formula: P = (Q x H x 9.81) / (Eff x 1000)

6. Fresh Air Requirement

Rule: 20 CFM per person (Office)

Quick Reference Rules

  • 1. AHU/FCU Sizing: 1 TR = 400 CFM
  • 2. Duct Velocity: Main Duct: 1400–1800 FPM
  • 3. Pipe Sizing: 1" pipe: 8–12 GPM | 2" pipe: 30–40 GPM
  • 4. Cooling Tower: Heat Rejection = 1.25 x Load (10 TR Load = 12.5 TR Tower)
  • 5. Electrical Load: 1 TR ≈ 1.25 kW
  • 6. Condenser Water: 3 GPM per TR
  • 7. Return Air Duct: 2 sq.in. per CFM
  • 8. VRV/VRF: 1 HP = 0.8 TR (COP 3.5–4.5)
  • 9. Pipe Velocity: Chilled Water: 3–12 ft/s | Condenser: 6–9 ft/s

Clean Room Design (Hospitals & Pharma)

  • 1. Classifications: ISO 5 (Class 100) for OT | ISO 7 (Class 10k) for Compounding
  • 2. ACH (Air Changes/Hr): OT: 20–25 | ICU: 15–20 | ISO 7: 60–90
  • 3. HEPA Filters: ≥99.97% Efficiency. 1 Filter (24x24) ≈ 500 CFM
  • 4. Pressure Diff: OT > Corridor (+10-15 Pa) | Isolation < Corridor (-10 Pa)
  • 5. Laminar Airflow: Velocity 90 ± 20 fpm over OT table
  • 6. Temp/RH: OT: 21–24°C, 50–60% RH | Pharma: 20–22°C, 45–55% RH
  • 7. Exhaust: 100% exhaust for negative pressure rooms (Bag-in Bag-out filters)
Inverter Technology

Inverter DC Fan Coil Units

Ultra-quiet, high-efficiency Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) technology for precise temperature control and energy savings.

EFFICIENCY TOOL

DC vs. AC Efficiency Simulator

Drag the slider to see how DCBL motors save energy compared to traditional AC motors, especially at partial loads.

50%
Low Speed High Speed
AC Motor Power 120 W
DC Motor Power 40 W

Why Choose DC?

Unlike AC motors that waste energy at lower speeds, Brushless DC motors maintain high efficiency across the entire speed range.

Savings at Current Load

67% Less Energy

Advanced Room Load Calculator

Estimate cooling capacity with detailed inputs.

Daikin FCW Series

Premium Ceiling Cassettes

Experience the best of design and features with the Ceiling Mounted Cassette FCW Series.

BLDC Turbo Fan

Efficient turbo fan with BLDC motor offering 5 precise speed levels (HH to L) for optimal airflow control.

Anti-Mold Filter

Resin net air filter with mold resistance pre-fitted as standard, ensuring clean and healthy air circulation.

Built-in Drain Pump

Standard built-in high-lift drain pump and float switch included for all models (Drain size VP25).

Elegant Deco Panel

Stylish "Fresh White" decorative panel (950 x 950 x 50 mm) designed to blend seamlessly with modern interiors.

SPECIFICATION TOOL

Smart Model Matcher

Select your required cooling capacity to find the perfect FCW Series model and view its technical specifications.

FCW

Recommended Model

15ARV16

Cooling Capacity

15,000 Btu/h

Max Air Flow (HH)

725 m³/h

Water Flow Rate

3.3 USGPM

Sound Pressure (Low)

23 dBA

Input Power

17 W

Daikin FTW-ARV Series

Wall Mounted Units

Stylish, high-efficiency Chilled Water Hi-Wall units featuring Brushless DC motors and whisper-quiet operation.

BLDC Motor

Advanced brushless DC motor for higher efficiency and reliability.

Ultra Quiet

Operation sound levels as low as 24 dBA for peaceful environments.

Washable Filter

Includes a high-quality resin net air filter for easy maintenance.

2-Way Valve

Compatible with 2-way motorized valves for precise flow control.

Hi-Wall Model Viewer

SELECTED MODEL

35ARV16

COOLING CAPACITY

12,000 Btu/h

Max Air Flow

380 CFM

Sound Level (H/M/L)

24 / 21 / 18 dBA

Unit Dimensions (LxWxH)

885 x 298 x 229 mm

Power Input

30 W

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